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Essay - Women Warriors: Fantasy vs Historical

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This is a comparative study between Fantasy and Historical Women Warrior that has now been a part of what I do in my artistic portfolio. I decided to include the Horny Viking as stereotypical female heroine in fantasy setting and the Historically Inspired Women Warriors I have been drawing so far to provide as an example.

Now, before I start with the discussion, i would like to point that the aim of this drawing is to increase the awareness of why each of the women warriors are represented as such. As for the actual representation in my drawing, they are all full of artistic license and stylized art, so the historical accuracy may not be the most well represented. Also, my english aren't very great so apology for any grammatical/spelling mistakes.


INTRODUCTION

Women warriors have been a staple of artistic representation within the popular media and as such, their depiction in both fantasy and historical settings have attracted considerable interest as well as critiques. Alas, This isn't something new because the Greeks have done that in the ancient time with their Amazons while the medieval Nordic saga mentioned shield-maidens fighting alongside the vikings. Historically speaking, the presence of women warriors were no myth, although the extend to their importance and contribution varied between cultures and era; which in many cases, were something exceptional rather than the norm. Regardless, with the coming of modern romanticism, Women Warriors gained even more popular attention and with that, the objectification that came along it in the form of "Fantasy Women Warriors".


WOMEN WARRIORS IN FANTASY

The representation of Women Warriors in fantasy setting is impossible to cover as a whole, given the diversified nature of the fantasy world itself. From femme-fatale, independent self-sufficient fighters to those that shows little differences from the model in swim-suit calendar, the Fantasy world has got them all to appease wide range of audiences. Why they are depicted in such away is a matter or Author's imagination and his skills, and as with any artwork, the importance lies in the aesthetic value rather than practical consideration. In my own opinion, deconstructing on what these women warrior wear is more important than debating them.

As mentioned previously, this isn't something new. The ancient Greeks mentioned of the Amazons, a nation of women warrior featured in the legend of Hercules. The origin of such legend came is though to have come from the equestrian nomadic Iranian tribes called the Scythian (though Sarmatians is also a possibility). Another famous example fo where Women Warriors are mentioned,is in the Scandinavian saga, in the form of Shield-maidens and Valkyries. There's also various other myth from different cultures of the world, but if there's one thing common between them was that, the impression of women fighting in battle was very significant to warrant them to be immortalized in stories and legend.

In modern society however, the attention shift towards more commercialization. As such, portrayal that would attract more audience, and hence, more customers, is generally given more importance, apart from any other consideration. Strong heroines fighting alongside the heroes or a lone femme fatale are probably the most common one. But one that gained a lot of attention would be the  presence of chainmail bikinis, boob plates or otherwise revealing armors that would become a joke in terms of their practicality. Those mentioned are modern invention where the importance of fashion and aesthetics could sacrifice the practical consideration, or even historical accuracy depending on the settings.

One example of how aesthetics is given more importance is the portrayal of Horny Viking in this drawing, as it provides a contrast between fantasy and historical. Viking Shieldmaiden is a popular topic in mainstream media thanks to the Romanticism of Viking Age, but their existence have been debated by scholars due to lack of any archeological evidence that suggested viking women taking part in warfare, apart from the Icelandic saga written centuries after the end of viking age. As for horned helmet, it's use have been recorded in ancient bronze and iron age civilization, but the depiction of Vikings with horned helmet is debatable, though probable, if not for ceremonial purposes. Chainmail bikini needs no further explanation, but historically speaking, mail armor was very expensive, reserved only to the rich/nobility during the viking age, so most Viking warriors fought with simple cloth and/or gambeson. Meanhwile, one of the best known legend of Viking Shieldmaiden is Lagertha, one of Lagnar Lothbrok's wife who fought in his shieldwall. Historians still debate whether she is an actual historical figure or nor, but the Anglo-Saxons on the other hand did have Aethelflaed, Lady of Mercia, who fought against the Danes. But few people knew about Aethelflaed, unlike Lagertha who remains famous to this day. 


WOMEN WARRIORS IN HISTORY

The History of human civilization is full of warfare and as such, the presence of women who fought in battle has been recorded in the pages of history, stories as well as folklore. One of the best example would be Joan of Arc, the maid of Orleans who fought against the English during the 100 years war. She was a girl of humble origin who claimed to have received divine visions to support Charles VII throne and removed the English presence in France. Her piety and her conviction till her death made her a heroine to the French people and later on, a Catholic Saint. In a way, the virgin maiden is the epitome of purity and beauty who fought in the ugliness and horror that plagued the warfare during the 100 years war.

But why is Joan is viewed with such reverence? Take an example of Boudicca, the queen of Iceni who led a massive rebellion against the Roman in Britannia. Unlike Joan, Boudicca origin as warrior queen was more grim.

At that time the Romans in Britain was put under financial pressure as they pushed forward their conquest towards northern Britain and wales. When the king of Iceni in South-East England, Prasutagus, died in 60 AD, he left half of his wealth to the Romans in an attempt to appease them. Unfortunately, the Romans proved to be greedy and under the command of Catus Decianus, they decided to pillage Prasutagus kingdom. Boudicca, the wife of the late king, protested against the Roman action but despite her protest, the Romans ransacked her court, whipped her for impudence and allowed her daughters to be raped by a gang of Roman soldiers. The humiliation suffered by Boudicca was enough to brought fury and convinced her to unite her people and lead a massive rebellion against the Romans. The amount of her and her people's anger could be seen in the sack of Colchester, where everyone within the walls were slaughtered - Men, women and Children. Nevertheless, she was defeated by Paullinus force and dissapeared shortly after. Tacticus, who chronicled her history, wrote that she committed suicide.

Historically speaking, both Joan and Boudicca military career was short, they were defeated in their last battle and shortly after, they died. Despite their tragic end, they became Heroines for their people and viewed with respect.

But what about the other Women Warriors who fought but received less attention than these two? Who has ever heard of Aethelflaed of Merica and her war against the Danes? What of Qin Liangyu who spend her time and her wealth fighting the manchu until her death at the age of 75? What of Razia Sultana who inherited a vast Sultanate of Delhi and spend years in maintaining it through war and diplomacy? Why have we learned less about those women who actually fought in war and executed their political, martial and diplomatic power to realize their ambition and goals?

Just like the Women Warriors of Fantasy, Women Warriors of History too came under the objectification. But their objectification was a different nature, and more often than not, many of them were politically or religiously motivated. Aethelflaed of Mercia was only mentioned briefly because Anglo-saxon chroniclers wanted to exert Wessex, not Mercian dominance in a unified Anglo-Saxon England. Qin Liangyu was a rebel to the Manchu Qing empire, who tried to subdue her image so as to not incite further rebellion. Razia Sultana used her shrewd diplomacy to keep her sub-ordinates and rebellious subject in check and when war was called, she took arm and fought, only to be defeated by jealous rival nobles who sought to remove her from the throne.

History is written by the victors, and in the case of these women warriors, it is unfortunate that their history remained in the dark for some time.

Despite the numerous examples of Women Warriors in the history, famous or not, we can agree at one thing that they fought in battle, to kill their opponents and to defend themselves. While it is true that in ancient time, armor was given less importance and people did fight naked, warfare change overtime and the importance of body protection became norm than exception. Armors back then were made for their most frequent users which were men who participated war since the dawn of civilization. As such, the existence of Boob-plates or other "female body shaped" armor were highly unlikely. Most body armors were expensive so those women who wore them knew the worth of their investment in protecting their live - for example,  a 12th century mail armor with great helm and sword used during the 3rd Crusade could fetch an equivalent price of 3 bedroom  house in modern England.

Nevertheless, their depiction in media is much less than fantasy women warrior, even if there's one, few were depicted with acceptable historical accuracy. For one, to stick with historical accuracy means that there would be a lot of research involved. This is especially true in depiction of historical warfare, where military maneuvers shown in holywood movie would make little sense in terms of tactic in real life. History has shown that when such maneuver were taken, they looked glorious and dramatic, but always ended in massive loss of life and in many case, defeat. But as I have mentioned before, due to the commercialization of Women Warriors, some concession have to be made and one way or the other, it always relate to budget and profit. It is simply more challenging to depict actual women warriors in history and until more and more audience start taking notice of accurate depictions, they remained as what they are portrayed in today's media.


WOMEN WARRIORS - FANTASY vs HISTORY?

Apparently, the lack of Armors with featured breast shaped is rather unusual in fantasy setting, and most, if not all, historical armors give less feminine figure to the women warriors, who are supposed to represent beauty and warfare in art. Take a look at the Horny Viking shown on the left and compare her with those women warriors on the right. They have little or no makeups, face full of dirt, eyes with killing stares, and most importantly, they would smell after having to fight inside their thick armors of them. The Horny viking on the other hand, is clean & mean, badass fighting maiden, giving the image of the true amazon that combines true female beauty and ferociousness (although i have to admit, she lacks the muscle to support the strength image department). After all, beauty is in the eyes of the beholder right?

In fantasy setting, it is generally acceptable that women's clothing have to show their secondary sexual characteristics such as breast, hair, cleavage, hips, thighs etc. This is mainly done for the audiences, which statistically made up of men by majority. No doubt, with few imagination, this has led to the birth of fancy, curve-fitting costumes, or even bare clothing at all (Battle Bikini?). Such attires, do give advantages in terms of movement, flexibility and light-weight...although they are impractical when in comes to protection.

For example, Breast Plate that are shaped like "Breasts" (as shown) to fit around the cleavage, while *ahem*, aesthetically cool, would actually be very dangerous to use in real life. The shape of the curvature creates a wedge around the sternum and ribs, which if struck with a blow, would direct the force to the bone (instead of distributing it), potentially breaking the ribs and killing the users. The curves could also deflect any incoming attack to the chin, neck or even stomach which could lead to user's fatality. Intricate decoration could also lead to danger, since the protruding part the armor could catch any weapon strike, resulting in the delivery of blunt force. Plate armor is designed with a mind that, not only it must protect the body and allows flexible movement, it also needs to deflect any incoming attack to avoid that blunt damage.

One can argue that fighting with minimal clothing is no stranger to historical warrior of both sexes. Indeed, Many ancient cultures, like the Greeks, Celts, Picts, Native American and various African tribal groups practice fighting with minimal/or no clothing at all. Some took place as ritual fighting, others took place as real combat. It could be justified, given the fact that back then, proper protective clothing in the form of body armor were quite expensive and/or very labor intensive to be made. Also, warfare were mostly ritualized and involved one on one fighting, though in some cases the aim was to defeat and capture your opponents than to kill them outright. Using body protection could be considered as cowardice. These were mostly prevalent in the Early Human Civilization, where organized warfare were fewer in numbers and standing armies were almost non existent.

However, warfare became more brutal and society became more and more sophisticated, body armors became a necessity and the idea of fighting with minimal or no clothing at all gradually became viewed more as suicidal than as pure raw bravery. Discipline, on the other hand, were an important factors in the outcome of the battle. For example, while the roman armies may have been decimated or defeated against the onslaught of "Barbarians", with some of the fighting in "naked", the Romans eventually came out as a victor, thanks to it highly organized, trained and disciplined legionaries, despite it's comparatively smaller number. As one historian said, Rome was defeated numerous times in battle, but they always won the war.

Later, missile weapons grew stronger and it's application became more and more sophisticated. From Composite Bows, Javelins, Slings to mechanical weapons like Batista, the need to protect oneself from these threat became more and more important. Battlefield injuries also needed to be taken seriously. Fighting with exposed body parts could also increase the risk of body injuries. Realistically speaking, battlefield wounds resulted in more death than the "cool scars". The reason being is that proper medical attention was not properly understood, and the lack of hygiene practice could turned a minor wound into gangrenous infection that would lead to death. So there's plenty of good reasons why armor was worn back then.

The growing sophistication of battlefield tactic and warfare would mean that, the more protection the warriors had, the more likely he/she would survive. Of course, all of these could be discounted when creating one's fantasy world, since the limit is always up to the author's creativity.


CONCLUSION

Simply put, women who fought in battle, chose to do so themselves, knowing well the consequences and burden they had to undergo. In my opinion, regardless whether they fight in proper full plate armor or half naked with loincloth, it is always better and respectful to represent them as Women who fought as Warriors, instead of Women who just dress as warriors (or lack of)

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